Hypertension or arterial hypertension - Fixed, it was discovered with repeated measurements, it is stable found in blood pressure. Many diseases accompanying many diseases are considered a risk factor for the development of the myocardial system, including myocardial system, and the dangerous complications of the heart attack. Hypertonic disease requires the main cause of pathology, which normalizes the life style of the patient's lifestyle and normalizes the lifestyle.
Blood pressure is a force with blood movements in the walls of blood vessels. During the heart constricts, such pressure is called systolic and rest during rest - diastolic. The range of normal values for these indicators is quite wide.
During the numerous observations, scientists came as a result of increasing the risk of cardiovascular aggravation with each additional increase in blood pressure, 10 mm blood pressure. The art. Already starts at 115/75 mm RT. The art. However, a drug decrease in pressure appeared to be appropriate for pressure only 140/90 mm. Rt. Art. Therefore, it is a value taken as a criterion for the identification of arterial hypertension.
In about 90% of the work, hypertension causes a steady increase in blood pressure. The patient was diagnosed with such a diagnosis if other diseases were not accompanied by hypertension during the examination. Among the latter:
- Kidney pathologies - Pyelonephritis, glomerulonephritis, polycystic, diabetic nephropathy, denosing of kidney arteries;
- Adrenal gland, pancreas or pituitary gland, thyroid hyperfunction, izenko-cushing syndrome, Pheochromositoma Tiren's endocrine disorders;
- obstructive apnea syndrome in a dream;
- Atherosclerotic damage to the Klape van or Aortay.
The regular use of a number of medicines can also increase blood pressure. They include oral contraceptives, non-anti-inflammatory medicines, amphetamines, corticosteroids, eritropoetin, cyclosporin, cocaine drugs.
The possibility of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, is in close contact with the following risk factors:
- Sodium salt, saturated oils and trans fats, diet-leaved greens, non-nutrition, including the lack of vegetables and fruits;
- obesity;
- Pathologies of heart and blood vessels in close relatives;
- Over 65 years of age or older;
- Seated lifestyle;
- chronic stress;
- Product harvesting habits - smoking, excessive alcohol consumption.
If it was possible to identify the disease causing blood pressure, arterial hypertension is called second or symptomatic. In the event of an unknown reason of hypertension, it is considered an initial caused by hypertension.
The last one has a structured current:
- Stage I. There are no obvious signs of the work of the target organs affected by blood pressure-heart, kidneys, arterial and venous ships.
- Stage II. Increased the signs of the list or the left venturing of the heart, for example, the higher of the heart's left venturing, the highlight of the albums in the kidneys, the thickness of the walls of the carotid arteries, or the appearance of lumenleric boards. In this case, the disease may not be clinical manifestations.
- Stage III hypertension. There are one or more pathology related to a subtle kidney damage, atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis, cedarosis, cedar and / or urine protein with a significant reduction in the artery ceremovascular crashes, cedar and / or urine protein in the heart and ships.
Arterial hypertension is divided into several degrees depending on the maximum indicators of measured blood pressure:
- First degree. Systolic blood pressure between 140 and 159 mm. Rt. The art. And / or diastolic - from 90 to 99 mm. Rt. The art.
- Second degree. Systolic blood pressure is between 160 and 179 mm. Rt. The art. And / or diastolic - between 100 and 109 mm. Rt. The art.
- The third degree. Systolic blood pressure is more than 180 mm. Rt. The art. and / or diastolic more than 110 mm. Rt. The art.
There is only an isolated form of arterial hypertension with digitics of systolic pressure in normal diastology.
Often the increase in blood pressure, it can be invisible for humid and patient, so it is very important to measure blood pressure, especially middle and older individuals.
The following symptoms may be the manifestations of hypertension:
- Headache, mostly in the morning after waking up;
- Bleeding from the nose;
- bleeding under the mucous membrane of the eye;
- A violation of a heart rhythm;
- Blurred vision, whipping flies;
- tinnitus.
A sharp splash of blood pressure on high numbers is called a hypertensive crisis accompanied by a deterioration. Most occur with an increase in systolic pressure of more than 180 mm. The art. and / or diastolic more than 120 mm diastolic. The art. At the same time, the patient has weakness, nausea, vibrating, anxiety, vomiting, muscle vibration, chest pain, a heartbreaking, nausea.
The stable growth of blood pressure with hypertension is significantly increasing the risk of cardiovascular pathologies, including the patient's life. These include:
- Acute cerebral circulation (stroke);
- Angina Pector, myocardial infarction;
- Damascus Dementia (Dementia);
- Chronic kidney and heart failure;
- Atherosclerotic lesions of the veins of lower extremities.
The main symptom of hypertension is a stable increase in blood pressure, at least three measures were detected in different days during a quiet environment. It is important to follow the following rules in the first measurement of blood pressure in a hospital or a clinic for the accuracy of the results:
- Before the examination, the patient needs to sit in a quiet room in a quiet room;
- The size of the tononeter cuff must match the thickness of the goal and the device itself must be added to the level of the heart;
- Additional measurements are carried out, additional measurements are carried out in two measurements with intermediate 1-2 minutes;
- In the elderly patients, as soon as possible, measurements are measured in the first and fifth minutes of the first and fifth minutes, when people suffering from diabetes, or in body position;
- In addition, the heart rate is measured within 30 seconds.
The doctor in an interview with the patient has a dream, a sleeping, or a headache or headache or headache or headache or headaches or headaches or headaches or headaches or headaches or headaches or a sudden impurities or sudden impurities. It is also important to learn what drugs and biofs do.
The following tests are conducted for hypertension as part of the first stage of the exam:
- Clinical blood testing;
- General urinary analysis, microalbumin detection, daily and daily parts;
- Biochemical blood test (cholesterol, sodium, chlorine, chlorine, chloride, chlorine, calcium, as well as cholesterol, lipoproteins);
- Determination of the level of glycated hemoglobin;
- Determination of the concentration of hormones - thyrochin, triiodotherhouse and thyroid -mmer hormone, thyroid -peroxidaz and thyroidoglobulin, antibodies in Aldosterone.
If the disease doubts the inheritance tendency, it is possible to identify the polymorphisms of genes related to the development of arterial hypertension.
Instrumental diagnostic methods are used to clarify risk factors for the development and identification of existing cardiovascular pathologies for hypertension:
- Daily monitoring of blood pressure;
- Electrocardiographic research;
- Echocardiography;
- Golter Daily Monitoring;
- Duplex scanner of bruchiocephefalous, kidney or iliac arteries;
- Ultrasound study of kidneys and adrenal glands;
- Checking the eye bottom.
With hypertension, it is important to maintain blood pressure control, all consequences of blood measurements, to retain a diary of blood pressure, which can increase blood pressure. At the same time, measurements should be carried out in a sitting in the same way, keeping his hand at the same level.
In the risk of cardiovascular complications, the patient is recommended to reject bad habits in the background of regular blood pressure, increasing the patient's lifestyle, changing the lifestyle, diet, physical activity and hypertension. These measures are enough to normalize blood pressure.
The diet for hypertension covers the restriction of the salt of the table, caffeine, sharp, salty, smoked and spicy dishes, high-fat, offaleme, sweets and products. It is permissible to use more than 5 g salts per day outside the exacerbation of the disease. The recommended daily liquid rate is 1-1, 2 liters.
In the event of a failure of a failure, it is a few months, as well as high-risk hypotensive therapy, using drugs for hypertension, less than 140/90 mm. Rt. The art. The level of target pressure for patients suffering from diabetics or the pathologies of the cardiovascular system is even 130/80 mm. Rt. The art.
Modern drug treatment of hypertension include two or more drugs from the following groups:
- Calcium antagonists;
- Angiotenzinzinoproding enzyme inhibitors;
- Blockers for Angiotens II;
- Diuretics (diuretics);
- b blockers;
- Alpha-blockers.
The vast majority of them are produced in tablets from hypertension.
Includes timely diagnosis and therapy for the diseases of cardiovascular, urine and endocrine systems, including hypertension, including heart-venture, nerves, urine and endocrine systems, including regular measurements of blood pressure, as well as regular measurements of blood pressure.